城市创新能力的成长动力、成长曲线与驱动机制研究——基于213个城市面板数据的实证

城市作为区域发展的中心,集聚各类要素资源与经济社会活动,其创新能力的提升关乎城市经济发展、区域协调发展及国家可持续发展。本文基于以往的研究成果,采集我国213个地级及以上城市2007-2016年间的面板数据,运用时间序列分析、空间数据分析及多元回归分析等研究方法描绘了城市创新能力的成长曲线,对城市创新能力的成长动力与驱动机制进行了探索,得出各个解释变量均对城市创新能力产生了显著的正向影响,其中,创新人才变量驱动能力最强的结论。在此基础上,本文还揭示不同区域不同城市的创新能力驱动机制,对成长动力各个维度在我国不同区域不同城市中的驱动强度进行了验证。     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and wear resistance of an Al–Mg–Si alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance in an ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Si alloy fabricated utilizing a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and dynamic aging were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the grain size of the ECAP alloy was significantly refined, i.e., to ~239 nm after three ECAP passes. Meanwhile, the yield and tensile strength of the ECAPed material reached 340 MPa and 445 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a significant uniform elongation of 14%. Wear resistance results demonstrated that the wear rate, wear depth and width of the ECAPed material decreased in comparison with the solution-treated (SST) and peak-aged (T6) conditions under a load range of 5–25 N. The adhesive wear that occurs in the undeformed specimens at 10 N does not appear in the ECAPed specimen at the same load, indicating that the ECAPed specimen delay the appearance of more serious wear mechanisms under certain loads. The cooperative interaction of high density nano-scale β" precipitates and dislocations resulted in a combination of super-high strength and good work hardening ability which suppressed the extension of cracks between the friction layer and the plastic deformation zone. As a consequence, the combination of ECAP and dynamic aging brings a significant improvement for antifriction performance of the 6061 aluminum alloy.     

血乳酸生物传感器在新冠肺炎诊疗中的应用探讨

新冠肺炎（COVID-19）疫情爆发已造成严重危害，对新冠肺炎进行快速诊断和实施精准治疗是目前面临的重大挑战。对近年来血乳酸指标在肺炎临床中的应用及血乳酸生物传感器方法学进行了回顾，提出血乳酸水平或血乳酸清除率是新冠肺炎病情分层、治疗效果评估和判断预后的重要指标。其中POCT(即时检验)血乳酸生物传感器快捷、经济、可靠，可实现临床患者或个人（家庭）血乳酸快速和连续的检测，有利于新冠肺炎病情严重度分层和治疗效果评估，也可使患者及时识别自身状况，解除心理顾虑，促进机体康复。     

基于支持向量机和用户反馈的图像检索算法

针对当前图像检索算法存在精度低、 实时性差等不足, 为了获得更理想的图像检索结果, 提出一种基于支持向量机和用户反馈机制的图像检索算法. 首先采集大量图像, 提取图像检索的相关特征, 建立图像检索特征库； 然后采用支持向量机计算待检索图像特征与图像检索库特征之间的相似度, 确定图像类别, 实现图像的初步检索； 最后引入用户反馈机制对图像的初步检测结果进行精细比对, 并与经典图像检索算法进行对比实验. 实验结果表明, 该方法的图像检索精度超过90%, 图像检索误差远小于经典图像检索算法, 提高了图像检索效率.     

古镇旅游开发的社区参与机制探析——以赊店镇为例

古镇旅游开发是旅游地发展的重要形式,社区参与古镇旅游开发不仅可以降低旅游业带来的消极影响,还可以提高社区居民的经济收入和生活水平。但是,综观全国古镇旅游的发展状况,社区在参与旅游发展过程中,虽然积极性很高,但缺乏较为成熟的参与机制。以赊店古镇为例,在分析现有社区参与现状和存在问题的基础上,探索古镇旅游开发的社区参与机制。     

科技查新工作发展的问题与提升路径研究

科技查新工作在服务科技创新和支撑科技发展方面起到了正面作用。在以创新引领发展的新时代，传统常规的科技查新工作明显滞后于国家科技创新发展步伐，在满足国内群体性技术革命创新的发展需求方面略显不足。本文在梳理科技查新工作发展的基础上，分析了科技查新工作存在的问题，探讨了新形势下科技查新工作的提升路径。从人员结构、服务模式机制与内容深度、服务资源与专业知识储备等方面提出了建议和意见，以期为科技查新工作发展提供借鉴。     

镍基单晶高温合金蠕变机制研究进展

 叶片在服役过程中主要承受〈001〉轴向的离心载荷，由离心应力导致的蠕变损伤是叶片的主要失效机制之一。基于单晶叶片的典型服役条件，总结了国内外关于高温低应力和中温高应力蠕变变形损伤机制的研究现状，指出深入开展含典型缺陷单晶高温合金蠕变行为、氧化和热腐蚀对单晶合金蠕变-疲劳变形损伤机制影响研究十分必要。     

基于强化局部特征的3D点云分类与分割网络

在点云的处理过程中，许多深度学习网络未能充分考虑局部点之间的复杂关系，导致大量空间几何信息丢失。针对该问题，提出了一个强化局部特征的网络，用于点云的目标分类和语义分割。该网络通过设计编码单元对点的多方向信息进行编码；通过注意力机制学习采样分组后形成局部点云的特征。同时提出了一种新的多维损失函数，结合使用交叉熵损失函数与中心损失函数作用于分类任务。在数据集ModelNet40和ScanNet上进行了大量实验，结果表明：该网络在点云的目标分类和语义分割任务上表现出较好的性能。     

晶体塑性有限元分析开孔对多晶板材力学性能的影响

基于 ABAQUS 子程序 VUMAT 二次开发平台, 将位错和孪晶的演化过程引入晶体塑性有限元方法(crystal plastic finite element method, CPFEM)中, 实现了多晶塑性材料力学行为的有限元模拟, 并通过试验和模拟结果的对比, 验证了所提出方法和二次开发程序的有效性. 应用含孪晶效应的晶体塑性有限元方法 模拟分析了孔洞对于板材开孔问题的影响, 结果表明: ① 当孔径小于板宽一半时, 强度损失采用线性近似估算值是偏于安全的, 而超过板宽一半时, 不宜采用线性估算值; ② 当孔距较小时, 孔径排布方式对开孔板材的韧性以及极限承载力有重要影响, 排布方式可分弱影响区、强影响区和过渡区 3 种模式. 对于承受单向拉伸荷载的板材, 开孔时应选择沿轴线排布的方式.     

Influence of γ' precipitate on deformation and fracture during creep in PM nickel-based superalloy

FGH96 is a powder metallurgy nickel based superally used for turbine disk of aero-engines. In the present study FGH96 alloy with four different γ' precipitate microstructures were produced via solution heat-treatment with different cooling rates, and the maximum cooling rate reached 400°C/min which was a super cooling rate for Nickel-based superalloy. The creep tests were conducted for PM FGH96 alloy under the testing condition of 704°C and 690 MPa. The relationship between the creep properties and the distribution of γ' precipitate was established. The creep mechanism was analyzed by using TEM and ACTEM, and the dislocation movement was studied at the atomic scale. The creep strain rate was calculated through a physically based crystal slip model established based on crystal plasticity. The calculated results were consistent with the test ones, illustrating the validity of the model. The fracture mechanism was also investigated, and the results showed that the creep cracks generated on the surface due to the oxidation. It was observed that the cracks propagated in different ways depending on the different average diameters of γ' precipitate. With the decrease of the average γ' precipitate size,the critical shearing stress increased and the resistance of the dislocation slipping increased. The fracture mechanism for the primary stage transformed from intragranular to intergranular due to the change of dislocation slipping.